Hunger in Black Boy free essay sample

Hunger in Black Boy Have you ever experienced real hunger? The kinds of hungers that Richard experiences in Black Boy are not evident in the society where you and I reside. The present middle class citizens cannot really relate to true physical hunger. Hunger for most of us is when there is nothing that we desire to eat around the house and therefore skip one meal. This cannot even compare to the days that Richard endures without food. Physical hunger, however, is not the only hunger apparent in Richards life. Richard suffers from emotional and educational hungers as well. He yearnsfor such things as mere association with others and simple books to read. Both of which are things that most people take for granted. This efficacious autobiography, Black Boy, by Richard Wright manifests what it is like to desire such simple paraphernalia. From a very early age and for much of his life thereafter, Richard experiences chronic physical hunger. We will write a custom essay sample on Hunger in Black Boy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hunger stole upon me slowly that at first I was not aware of what hunger really meant. Hunger had always been more or less at my elbow when I played, but now I began to wake up at night to find hunger standing at my bedside, staring at me gauntly (16). Soonafter the disappearance of Richards father, he begins to notice constant starvation. This often reappears in his ensuing life. The type of hunger that Richard describes is worse than one who has not experienced chronic hunger can even imagine. Once again I knew hunger, biting hunger, hunger that made my body aimlessly restless, hunger that kept me on edge, that made my temper flare, that made my temper flare, hunger that made hate leap out of my heart like the dart of a serpents tongue, hunger that created in me odd cravings (119). Because hunger has always been a part of Richards lifestyle, he cannot even imagine eating meat every day. This simple privilege would be a miracle to him, yet to most it is nothing. These weakening and piercing hungers are frequently evident where poverty dwells in the Jim Crow South. Furthermore, emotional hunger also represses much of Richards life. Richard desires attention from people. However, since he does not receive much of this at home, he does not really know how to associate with others. This provokes a problem when he leaves home because he cannot understand the friendliness of people around him. Nevertheless, I was so starved for association with people that I allowed myself to be.

Complete Guide to Harvard Recommendation Letters

Complete Guide to Harvard Recommendation Letters SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you applying to Harvard, or writing a letter of recommendation for someone who is? To get into Harvard or another Ivy League school, your letter of recommendation, like with all the other parts of your application, must be outstanding. Even if your grades, test scores, and other achievements are stellar, you don't want to downplay the importance of recommendation letters in the admissions decision. Read on to find out just how important rec letters are to the Harvard admissions committee, along with how exactly they can provide powerful support for an applicant. How Important Are Recommendation Letters in Harvard Admissions? To answer this question, let's go straight to thedeanhimself. Dean of admissions and financial aid, William R. Fitzsimmons, says, "Recommendation from secondary school teachers and counselors are extremely important at Harvard." Admissions committees read the recommendations "with great care, often commenting on them in writing on 'read sheets' in each application." If that doesn't give you a sense of how much attention is paid to reference letters, consider this: they often project the recommendations onto large screens so all members of the admissions committee can read them at once, both when they meet in smaller groups and all together for final review processes in February and March. With all eyes literally on your recommendations, they are looking intently at what it has to say. Why? Getting ready* to read your rec letter...no pressure!*(Not an actual representation of what it's like at all.) What's the Purpose of Letters of Recommendation? To consult the dean again, Fitzsimmons says, "Recommendations can help us to see well beyond test scores and grades and other credentials and canilluminate such personal qualities as character and leadership, as well as intellectual curiosity, creativity, and love of learning." Additionally, recommendation letters "offer evidence of an applicant's potential to make a significant difference to a college community and beyond." As discussed in Allen Cheng's detailedguide to getting into Harvard, Harvard wants candidates who are going to achieve great things at college and beyond. In this way, they are creating value in the world as a top university. Framed in this way, Fitzsimmons' last comment about a student's "potential to make a significant difference" is a very important one. Recommendation letters should express confidence in, and, in a way, serve as proof that a student's past achievements and personal qualities predict her future success, both in the "college community and beyond." Apart from that, the recommendation letters present a full, holistic picture of an applicant. While a student's transcript, test scores, involvements, and personal essay speak to her achievements and goals, the recommendation letter both complements and adds to the application. They add dimension to who a student is, her intellectual, personal, and social qualities, and how she expresses herself with others. Harvard is an extremely competitive and selective school, and they are looking for a diverse and dynamic class oftop achieverswho are going to work well with one another and their professors. Recommendation letters attest to a student's merits, speak to her ability to thrive in an academically rigorous environment, and share a vision of her future accomplishments. Considering letters of recommendation must be outstanding and powerful documents on a student's behalf, who should write them? Make sure your recommender is happy to recommend you, like these people. Who Should Write Your Letters of Recommendation for Harvard? Harvard requires two letters of recommendation from teachers and one from your school counselor. You probably don't have much choice with the counselor recommendation, since most students have the same counselor throughout their four years of high school. What you can control is trying to connect with your counselor, getting to know her, and sharing important information that she needs to write you a strong recommendation. Where you have an important decision to make is with the teacher recommendations. Who should you ask? Who's going to write you the best recommendation letter that will most impress Harvard admissions officers? First, I would suggest asking someone who knows you well. The best letters are personal, insightful, and reveal something about your character. Someone who barely knows you won't be able to accomplish that or write about you in a meaningful way. Apart from who you know well, you should choose someone in whose class you excelled (like, really excelled. This is the H, people!). Beyond impressive grades and test scores, did you go above and beyond to take on an independent project or research an area of interest? Did you join your teacher's after school club and show your interest in physics or writing outside of the classroom? If you demonstrated subject mastery, outstanding participation, or extra involvement in teacher's class, then she can speak about your exceptional efforts and achievement in her Harvard rec letter. If you're highlighting your passion for medical research, writing, or math in your application, then you should ask a teacher in that subject who can give evidence of your talent and passion. If you're not focusing on a particular academic field, then you should still ask teachers from core classes. Junior year teachers are generally best, as they had you recently and for a whole year. If the teacher had you for more than one class, all the better. Just as long as they can write deeply about who you are and what you'd bring to Harvard. It also doesn't hurt if they think you're the best thing since sliced bread. Again, this is the H! So what content is included in an exceptional recommendation letter? Besides choosing your recommenders wisely, is there anything else you can do to ensure the high quality of your letter? What Makes a Great Letter of Recommendation for Harvard? As Fitzsimmons said, a great letter doesn't just list data or repeat a student's resume. It provides a mutli-dimensional view of the applicant, including her academic skills, impressive personal qualities, and potential for future success. For Harvard, the best letters are customized both to the student and the school. Your recommender should understand Harvard's academic demands and attest to your capacity to thrive there. So how exactly can a recommendation letter accomplish all this? What do the most memorable letters say and do? They Use Anecdotes The best recommendation letters describe an observation, story, or example that illustrates something meaningful about who you are, what you value, and what motivates you to act. Stories back up what the recommender is saying about you. They also help to differentiate you from other students with similar credentials (a lot of qualified students applying to Harvard), and stick out as memorable in readers' minds. Finally, stories prove that your recommender knows you on a personal level and is therefore qualified to assess you. Consider the difference in these two sentences. Caitlin is a motivated student. When two of our writers were out sick on the day of their deadlines, editor-in-chief Caitlin sprang into action, delegating articles to other writers and staying up well into the night writing any missing content herself. Under her determined leadership, the school paper was ready for print by morning. The story proves her motivation and determination, as well as paints a picture of a driven Caitlin writing stories late into the night. Maybe she'll do the same for The Harvard Crimson once on campus. In addition to making the student come alive for readers, stories make the letter overall more interesting, personal, and lively. That's something that admissions officers will remember. They'll know that the student had motivated teachers and counselors on her side to spend time crafting a strong and insightful letter. The best letters also speak to a student's singular commitment or passion, a quality that impresses admissions officers and points to future achievement. "Katniss shows an unmatched commitment to archery and leading revolutions." They Highlight a Specific Commitment or Unusual Skill Harvard isn't necessarily looking for well-rounded students. Their overall class can be well-rounded, by including students with deep achievement in specific areas, like designing apps, publishing creative writing, or winning national math competitions. If this sounds like you, then you've surely told this story in the rest of your application. Your recommendation can complement this story, while adding new anecdotes and observations about you from your recommender's perspective. Maybe you've done scientific research at a local college, had your poetry published in literary magazines, or composed and performed songs for school concerts. Your recommenders can speak to how you contribute excellence to your school community and will continue to inspire and collaborate with people at Harvard. Besides corroborating and adding to your "spikes" in achievement, your recommender can rave about you with a statement of high ranking. They Give an Outstanding Ranking If your recommender considers you one of the top students she's ever had, then this statement could go a long way, as Harvard is looking for the best of the best. Saying you're "one of the top, most insightful, most creative, most talented students" she's ever taught is a remarkable statement, especially if she's taught at the school for many years. On the other hand, a lukewarm statement, like calling you "well above average," could be a red flag to admissions officers. Elitist as it may sound, Harvard isn't looking for average. They expect exceptional. Especially if they contain the letters J, Q, or Z. Or is that Scrabble points? They Use Powerful Language Besides giving a powerful ranking, the best letters are well-crafted and use impactful language. They show that your recommender took time to provide a thoughtul and well-written letter. Your letters aren't being graded, of course, but to serve their purpose they must make an impression. Weak or generic words, like a subpar ranking, could suggest mediocrity. In choosing your recommender, you may ask your counselor for advice or keep an ear to the ground for who writes good letters. A short or cliche letter definitely won't fly with the Harvard admissions committee. Check out these two examples: Sara is a great student. She is motivated and a hard worker. Sara goes above and beyond and always shoots for the stars. Sara has continuously impressed me with her innovative and creative approach to problem-solving. When she joined our school's Robotics Club in freshman year, she introduced the other students and myself to a type of programming that took our creations to the next level and resulted in our first place prize at the state competition. The second example uses more specific, powerful wording to describe specifically what's so impressive about Sara. Plus, it uses an example to prove its point. The first, well, uses the phrase "shoots for the stars." Yikes. They Are Organized Finally, the most impressive letters are well organized. They include all the pertinent information, like how the recommender knows the student and what makes her qualified to assess the student. In their introduction, they give an enthusiastic endorsement, and assess the candidate in two to three paragraphs. Finally, their conclusion reiterates the recommendation, provides a vision of the student at college and after, and invites admissions committees to follow up with any questions. For more on structure, check out our thorough guide to writing recommendation letters. Now that you have a clearer sense of what goes into a strong, Harvard-worthy recommendation letter, is there anything you can to ensure you get three great letters for your application? Student team assemble! Consider this your call to action. What Can You Do to Get Strong Letters of Recommendation? If Harvard is in your sights, then you've likely laid the groundwork for strong recommendation letters. You've shown commitment to learning, academic excellence, and a love of learning. Since the best letters come from teachers who know you well, you should push yourself to participate in class, take on an extra project, or lead the club of which your potential recommender is an advisor. Take advantage of and create opportunities to connect with your teachers and counselor and demonstrate your passions and drive to go above and beyond (didn't I just say not to use cliches? Woops). Apart from having a good relationship with your recommenders, you should provide them with a thorough and insightful "brag sheet." These documents often prompt you to answer questions like, What personal qualities do you value in yourself? What are one or two experiences that shaped your outlook or sense of identity? What do you consider to be your greatest strengths? Weaknesses? Where do you see yourself in five years? What's a significant challenge you've had to overcome and what did you learn from it? If you noticed these are similar to the Common Application essay prompts, you'd be right. Both your recommenders and admissions officers want to see your capacity for self-reflection and get a sense of how you make meaning of your experiences. Not all students are experienced at this kind of self-examination, or communicating aspects of their identities to others. Take the time to really think about these questions and give thorough answers. You can even have conversations with those close to you or ask for their input (often parents will write on these brag sheets, too). Not only will this sheet further show your recommenders who you are, but they'll also help them out with valuable material. By writing about significant experiences or challenges, you might give or remind them of stories and examples they can use in their letters. Once they have the raw material and inspiration, your recommenders will be bursting with things to say about you. There is one glaring gap in what I've been writing all this time about the importance of having recommenders who know you well. What if you simply don't have teachers or, more commonly, counselors who you know you very well? What do you do then? Friend them! But in real life. What If You Don't Have Teachers or a Counselor Who Knows You Well? Schools vary widely in terms of class sizes and counselor to student ratios. Some schools have a college counseling department, while others have school counselors balancing both students' college planning and their social-emotional needs, not to mention school-wide curricula. The national average public school counselor to student ratio is 477 to 1. In California, it's an outrageous 945 to 1! With ratios this large, it's understandable if you've have a hard time getting to know your counselor at all. Dean Fitzsimmons recognizes this: "There is nothing close to a level playing field when it comes to the availability of college counseling in American high schools." In addition to the "stunningly high counselee to counselor ratios," he speaks about the "unmanageable class sizes that make it nearly impossible [for teachers] to know students well enough to write an informed recommendation." If this sounds like your school, don't despair. First, Harvard admissions officers should be familiar with the various high schools from which their students are applying. They have to account for differences in grading systems, curriculum, and stats like teacher and counselor to student ratio. They may call your counselor for more information, or simply put more weight on the other parts of your application. Something else you can do to make up for uninformed teacher recs is to provide a supplemental letter of rec from someone who knows you better, like a supervisor, coach, religious leader, summer program coordinator, or someone from the community. Dean Fitzsimmons said "one of the best letters we ever received" was from the school's custodian. He spoke about how his recommendee was a positive presence who "always made everyone around him better."At the same time, Harvard advises against sending too much supplemental material, especially if your teachers and counselor have already written effectively for you. Something else you can do to improve your letter is to set up meetings with your teachers and counselor. Talk to them about your goals and how much you want to get into Harvard. (If this feels daunting, it's good practice for your Harvard interview!) Share your detailed brag sheet and make time to discuss it together. Maybe this feels like you're telling them what to write, but if you need to, so be it. Take control of your application, and let them know what you want to go into your letter (politely, of course). Before wrapping up, let's go over the key takeaways for obtaining a great recommendation letter that will impress Harvard readers. Key Takeaways for Harvard Recommendation Letters Listen to Dean Fitzsimmons when he says that recommendation letters are "extremely important" and put as much thought and care into them as you do the rest of your application. How? By choosing your recommenders wisely, pushing yourself to get to know them well, and providing detailed self-reflections to help them as they write. What if you sense your teacher isn't used to writing recommendation letters for Harvard? It would be ideal if you could ask a seasoned writer with a reputation for helping students get into competitive schools. If that's not a possibility, perhaps you can share resources like this one with your recommender. It's up to you to feel out whether this would helpful or could unintentionally cause offense. You certainly don't want to insult the person you're hoping will sing your praises. As a driven and conscientious student with your sights set on the Ivy League, you're definitely capable of doing everything you can to ensure three strong recommendation letters. Good luck! What's Next? Not only should you be thoughtful about who you ask, you should also have a plan forhow you ask for your recommender for this important letter. Read all about how to request a letter of recommendation here. Any chance you're also applying to Dartmouth? They require an unusual recommendation - one from a peer. Read all about peer recommendations and how to get a great one for Dartmouth. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Complete Computer Network Infrastructure for a Real or Ficticious Research Paper

Complete Computer Network Infrastructure for a Real or Ficticious Business - Research Paper Example After defining the specification, we will address network devices along with switch and router deployment. Moreover, we will define all the associated servers that will play a vital role in synchronizing data with remote offices in this scenario. Furthermore, a proposed network diagram will be represented for each site i.e. site 1 and site 2. Sub netting will play a dominant role in breaking down global IP addresses into local IP addresses for each node on the network. For the WAN architecture, we will discuss the technologies, protocols and services that will be used for connecting these sites together. Moreover, for maintaining and monitoring the network, we will discuss network security features that will be implemented in this proposed network. The RADIUS access server will provide synchronization of data between both sites operating on a Virtual Private Network. In addition, Domain name Service will also be discussed. 2 Introduction Organizations associated with health care need s to acquire up to date technological trends in delivering patient care at the optimal level. Medical information systems developed for supporting health care, facilitate organizations to align with best practices and quality and to make these health organizations successful in the market. However, acquiring and maintaining computer networks can be a difficult task along with its alignment with the goals and objectives of the organization. Moreover, along with the alignment with organizational objectives, involvement of all stakeholders in the implementation of a network is vital for understanding the purpose and benefits. Likewise, customization of network design is a requirement for supporting organizational goals and objectives, which can be a complex task. 3 Network Architecture 3.1 Topology We will apply star topology, as the network design will follow a centralized server / client architecture. Star topology will provide centralized administration and configuration of all the nodes on the network. Moreover, star topology initiates low broadcasts on the network, consequently, consuming low bandwidth and at the same time making the network capacity on optimal levels. 3.2 Workstations The minimum hardware specifications of the workstations that will be installed in the current scenario are: System Specification Processor Intel Dual Core E5400 2.7GHZ (2MB cache – 800MHZ FSB) Motherboard Intel DG41RQ (LGA775-SND+AGP+GIGA LAN-800MHZ FSB) Memory 1GB DDRII (800 Bus) Hard drive 320GB 3.5" SATA-II 7200RPM Optical drive DVD Drive 16 X Chassis Thermal HT Support 3.3 Network devices Network devices are the objects for any network. The network functionality relies on the network devices .The dependability of the network devices emphasizes on the requirements of the organization. For example, an organization dealing with 3D animation and rich media may require a Gigabit Ethernet rather than Fast Ethernet. This is because the subordinates share the animated data among themselves for various purposes. The 3D animation contents are large in volume and require gigabit Ethernet for moving files at a high speed within the network. Hospitals may share high quality medical images with remote offices, resulting in a consideration of bandwidth requirement of the Internet or site to site VPN as well. 3.4 Switch Implementation Fast Ethernet switches will be implemented instead of hubs. Switches are more powerful and intuitive as compared to hubs.

Sustainability of autoclaved aerated concrete (ACC) Essay

Sustainability of autoclaved aerated concrete (ACC) - Essay Example Autoclaved aerated concrete (â€Å"AAC†), though not much known in the United States, is now one of the many building products being touted as â€Å"green† or â€Å"environmentally friendly.† This paper briefly examines the advantages and disadvantages of building with AAC, paying specific attention to the aspects of the product that may lend to its designation as a sustainable building material. ACC concrete block showing the cellular pore structure (Shi and Fouad 105) AAC is not a new building material; however it is new to United States of America. It originated from Sweden in the early years of 1920 as a result of a rise in demands of timber supplies; AAC is a lightweight building stone that is manufactured (Shi and Fouad 105). AAC is used in a large number of commercial, industrial, and residential applications. This material has been used in Europe for many decades. Also leading in the use is Middle East followed by South America and Australia. Autoclaved a erated concrete is a precast product manufactured by mixing silica, cement, lime, water, and aluminum powder, and pouring it into a mold. With respect to reinforced AAC products like roof panels, lintels, steel rebar or mesh is also placed in the mold. When added to the concrete, the aluminum powder reacts with the silica, forming millions of microscopic hydrogen bubbles (Shi and Fouad 105). The hydrogen bubbles make the concrete to expand relatively five times its original volume. The hydrogen then evaporates, leaving a tightly closed-cell aerated concrete. The now aerated concrete is cut into blocks or panels which are then steam and pressure-cured in an autoclave. Unlike traditional concrete masonry units (â€Å"CMU†), AAC is a solid material system with combined insulative and structural components, and is there in a variety of products that can be used in both load and non-load-bearing applications. Complete load bearing applications, however, are only used in low-rise c onstruction, though large panels are available to take advantage of AAC’s fire proofing, insulative and other benefits on mid and high-rise projects (Craig and Ding 102). Again, the big wall, floor, and roof panels, measuring a number of feet’s long, and feet wide, and in AAC has been used in the United States for approximately 10 years. The United States’ recent embrace of the material is likely due to, the high initial capital expenditures required in setting up domestic AAC manufacturing facilities, and the fact that, unlike many of the countries where AAC is a common product, the vast majority of residential buildings in the United States utilize timber-frame construction (Craig and Ding 102). The rest of the AAC system consists of blocks, which are stacked using thin-set mortar and not traditional cement mortar. The blocks are available in a variety of sizes and types, e.g., standard blocks, typically measuring 24 inches long, 8 inches high, and in thicknes ses between 6 and 12 inches; jumbo blocks, which reduce construction time; U-blocks, which have a channel running the length of the block that once filled with concrete, provides structural support as headers and on the top course of each floor and cored blocks, which are used adjacent to corners and openings and have a centered, 4 inch vertical core at one end of the block forming running vertical core through the wall that is then filled with rebar and concrete (Craig and Ding 102). AAC lintels with integrated structural support are also manufactured and are substitutes to using the U-block system for headers. With flexibility and combined structural and insulation components, an AAC entire structure can be made using the one material. Exterior surfaces can be finished with stucco, traditional veneers or siding, while interior walls can be plastered, painted, or left unfinished, in addition to traditional sheetrock finishes. Further, AAC is easy to use and can be cut and manipulat ed with normal wood-working tools. AAC cut down Additional Material Use and Minimizes Waste and Pollution.

Review of Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review of Final Exam - Essay Example The south and the north portray a difference in the triumphing denomination. The south is stalwartly going traditional, and even reactionary based on the economically advanced nations. The Roman Catholic draws characteristics of being traditionalists and fideistic and or radical protestant evangelical or Pentecostal sects. The difference in the Anglican understanding of the bible bring up the question if this is a splintering or simply a realignment, but whichever the case, we are now two different churches. Cultural imperialism, clearly highlighted in the laws of globalization and correctly defined as homogenization standards of tests, behavior, cultures among others. The hollywood, for instance, is inseparable from American imperialism. Therefore, the term Cultural imperialism can be viewed in two dimensions. One that perceives it as imperialism within the culture domain and the other one tend to see it in terms of the cultural aspect of imperialism. These two are complementary in understanding cultural imperialism. Scott particularly raises a strong argument against cultural imperialism stating that it may reflect recent past therefore failing to capture the big picture and at the same time, the audience actively construct and filter meaning in a way that makes sense only to them. There is also a very present likelihood of emergence of a polycentric world of film production. The Hollywood, for instance, has multinational ownership, global auteurs and transnational circuits of cultural influence. Asia (Pusan, South Korea), Europe (Venice, Cannes, Belin) and North America (Toronto, Canada) are known to be among the places that have major film festivals. These festivals serve the purpose of alternating the circuit of distribution while simultaneously promote transnational economy of cultural prestige. They also aid in showcasing national cinemas, facilitate

Increasing Time Efficiency of Insertion Sort

Increasing Time Efficiency of Insertion Sort Increasing Time Efficiency of Insertion Sort for the Worst Case Scenario Surabhi Patel, Moirangthem Dennis Singh Abstract. Insertion sort gives us a time complexity of O(n) for the best case. In the worst case where the input is in the descending order fashion, the time complexity is O(n2). In the case of arrays, shifting is taking O(n2) while in the case of linked lists, comparison is coming to O(n2). Here a new way of sorting for the worst case problem is proposed. We will use arrays as data structures and take more space. We will take 2n spaces where n is the number of elements and start the insertion from (n-1)th location of the array. In this proposed technique the time complexity is O(nlogn) as compared to O(n2) in the worst case. Keywords. Insertion Sort, Time Complexity, Space Complexity Introduction Insertion sort is a simple sorting algorithm[1], a comparison sort in which the sorted array (or list) is built one entry at a time. It is much less efficient on large lists than more advanced algorithms such as quicksort, heapsort, or merge sort. Every repetition of insertion sort removes an element from the input data, inserting it into the correct position in the already-sorted list, until no input elements remain. The best case input is an array that is already sorted. In this case insertion sort has a linear running time which is O(n). During each iteration, the first remaining element of the input is only compared with the right-most element of the sorted subsection of the array. The worst case input is an array sorted in reverse order. In this case, every iteration of the inner loop will scan and shift the entire sorted subsection of the array before inserting the next element. For this case insertion sort has a quadratic running time which is O(n2). The average case also has a quadratic running time of O(n2). Literature Survey In an insertion sort algorithm, there are always two constraints in time complexity. One is shifting the elements and the other one is comparison of the elements. The time complexity is also dependent on the data structure which is used while sorting. If we use array as data structure then shifting takes O(n2) in the worst case. While using link list data structure, searching takes more time, viz. O(n2). We will take the following examples: Sort 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 using arrays. Shifting = 0, Comparison = 0 Shifting = 1, Comparison = log1 Shifting = 2, Comparison = log2 Shifting = 3, Comparison = log3 Shifting = 4, Comparison = log4 Time Complexity in Shifting: O(n2) Time Complexity in Comparison: O(nlogn) Total time complexity: O(n2) Here as the array is sorted, we can use binary search for comparison which will lead to a time complexity of O(nlogn) but Shifting takes O(n2). Therefore the total time complexity becomes O(n2) To solve this problem, link list can be used as illustrated in the following example. Sort 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 using link list. In a link list shifting takes O(1) as new elements can be inserted at their right positions without shifting. Comparison = 0 Comparison = 1 Comparison = 2 Comparison = 3 Comparison = 4 Time Complexity in Shifting: O(1) Time Complexity in Comparison: O(n2) Total time Complexity: O(n2) Here as we cannot use binary search for comparison which will lead to a time complexity O(n2) even though shifting takes a constant amount of time. As we have observed in the examples illustrated above, in both the cases the Time complexity is not getting reduced. Hence we are proposing an improvised insertion sort taking additional space to sort the elements. As space complexity is less important than time complexity[2][3], we have concentrated more over the time taken instead of space. Proposed Work In the insertion sort technique proposed here, we will take 2n spaces in an array data structure, where n is the total number of elements. The insertion of elements will start from n-1th position of the array. The same procedure of a standard insertion sort is followed in this technique. Finding the suitable positions of the elements to be inserted will be done using binary search. In the following cases we will discuss the details of our work. Case 1 For the best case scenario in a standard Insertion Sort is the input elements in ascending order using proposed technique. e.g. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 Shifting =0 , Comparison = 0 Shifting =0 , Comparison = 1 Shifting =0 , Comparison = 1 Shifting =0 , Comparison = 1 Shifting =0 , Comparison = 1 Total Shifting =0, Total Comparison = n-1 Therefore time complexity is O(1)+O(n) = O(n) Case 2: For the worst case scenario in a standard Insertion Sort is the input elements in descending order using proposed technique. e.g. 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 Shifting =0 , Comparison = 0 Shifting =1 , Comparison = log1 Shifting =1 , Comparison = log2 Shifting =1 , Comparison = log3 Shifting =1 , Comparison = log4 Total Shifting =n-1, Total Comparison =log( 1*2*3*4) =log((n-1)!) =log((n-1) (n-1)) =(n-1)log(n-1) =nlog(n-1) log(n-1) Therefore time complexity is O(n)+O(nlogn) = O(nlogn) Case 3: For the average case scenario in a standard Insertion Sort, the input elements are in random order. We are following the same procedure but comparison is done via binary search algorithm. Hence it takes O(nlogn) for comparison. For shifting the elements, the time taken tends to O(n2) but is not equal to O(n2). As we have more spaces, there are possibilities that the shifting of some elements may be reduced because elements may be inserted both at the end as well as in the beginning. Results Now we compare the time complexities of proposed sorting technique and the standard Insertion sort. Conclusion We are decreasing the time complexity of worst case scenario in Insertion sort algorithm by increasing the space complexity. Our future scope of work includes decreasing time complexity of the average case which is O(n2) currently. There are promising results shown in the average case scenario where the time complexity may be reduce from O(n2), if the probability of the input elements is a combination of increasing and decreasing order. Acknowledgement We would like to thank Prof Anirban Roy, Department of Basic Sciences Christ University Faculty of Engineering for helpful discussions and support. REFERENCES Insertion Sort,http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Insertion_sort.html Michael A. Bender, â€Å"Insertion Sort is O(nlogn),† Third International Conference on Fun With Algorithms(FUN), Pages 16-23, 2004 H. W. Thimbleby, â€Å"Using Sentinels in Insert Sort,† Software Practice and Experience, Volume 19(3), Pages 303–307, 1989.

alan turing Essay -- essays research papers

Alan Turning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alan Turning is known to be a pioneer of many facets of the computer age. The digital computer, artificial intelligence, memory subroutines, the Turning Machine, the Turing Test, and the application of algorithms to computers are all ideas somehow related to this man. Alan Mathison Turing was born in Paddington, London, on June 23, 1912. He was a precocious child and began his interests in science and mathematics at a young age, but was never concerned about other right-brain classes such as English. This continued until an important friend of his passed away and set Turing on a path to achieve what his friend could no longer accomplish. When his friend Christopher Morcom died, Turing was launched into thoughts in physics about the physical mind being embodied in matter and whether quantum-mechanical theory affects the traditional problem of mind and matter. Many say today that this was the beginnings of Turing’s Turning Machine and the test still used today for artificial intelligence, the Turing Test. Soon after his public schooling Turing began working on his undergraduate at King’s College. Here he became interested in the readings of Von Neumann’s quests into the logical foundations of quantum mechanics. Through these readings Turing was believed to structure his thinking from the emotional states that he had been suffering from to a more valid form of thought. Turing earned a fellowship at King’s college and the following year the Smith’s Prize for his work in probability theory. Afterward, he chose a path away from pure math into mathematical logic and began to work on solving the Entscheidungsproblem, a problem in decidability. This was an attempt to prove that there was a method by which any given mathematical assertion was provable. As he began to dive in to this he worked on first defining what a method was. In doing so he began what today is called the Turing Machine. The Turing Machine is a three-fold inspiration composed of logical instructions, the action of the mind, and a machine which can in principle be embodied in a practical physical form. It is the application of an algorithm embodied in a finite state machine. The Turing Machine is a simple kind of computer. It is limited to reading and writing symbols on a tape and moving the tape along to the left or right. The tape is marke... ...at today is known as the Turing Test. This was a test where a person would ask questions from both a human and a machine without knowing which was which. If after a reasonable amount of time the difference between the two was not obvious, then the machine was thought to be somewhat intelligent. A version of this test is still used today by the Boston Museum of Computers to host a contest of the best artificial machines for the Loebner Prize. Turing continued working on the digital computer and ideas in artificial intelligence until he died on June 7, 1954. He was found with a half-eaten apple loaded with cyanide, the half-eaten apple a familiar symbol of innocence. Some say he had committed suicide over an embarrassing incident with a 19-year old student , while his mother says he was just performing another experiment with household chemicals and became careless. Whichever it may be, Alan Turing passed away and left the world with many raw ideas to work out. In my opinion, the biggest contribution that he left with us was his idea of a single machine running off a finite number of algorithms to perform multiple tasks. This being the vision of the computers we all use today.

Virgin and Child with Saint Anne

The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne Rebecca Townsend Hum2235 Dr. Hoover Edison College Fall 2012 Townsend 1 The painting of The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne took more than a decade to complete. It was created in the 16th century, in Florence Italy. A young master artist declined the original commission for The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and suggested Leonardo da Vinci. The monks who commissioned the painting, an artifact of Christ’s family tree, gave Leonardo a workroom.The figures in the picture are of Saint Anne representing the grandmother, the Virgin as mother (Mary/Madonna), the Child as Christ, and the lamb as the future sacrifice of Jesus. They are closely intertwined in the painting showing their tight bond in Christian History. Da Vinci could not separate Christianity from his work. Leonardo in his painting as well as in his life seemed to cultivate a sense of mystery (Capra XIX). The monks of the Florentine Santissima Annunziata commissioned Leonardo to pa int The Virgin and Child with St. Anne as an altarpiece for their high altar. In his typical fashion, Leonardo did not complete the work on time.The monks, eager for their altarpiece had to commission another artist to complete the work. The monks approached Filippo Lippi to complete the work Leonardo had started. Filippo Lippi was the artist that painted Madonna and Child with Two Angels in 1465. Lippi was the artist who had initially rejected the commission suggesting the monks give the project to Leonardo. Lippi considered Leonardo to be a superior artist. Lippi agreed to finish the project but died before its completion. After Lippi died, the monks had a young Florence artist named Perugino finally complete the piece.At last, the monks of the Santissima Annuziata in Florence had their painting for their high altar. Some consider the painting to be a treasure of esoteric and occult wonders. Some are fascinated by the sight of St. Anne supporting her heavy daughter on her knee, wi th no visible means of support (Budny36). Townsend 2 It’s hard to find any evidence of Leonardo’s beliefs in his paintings, since there are no written records that have survived if they ever existed. Leonardo believed that a good artist must also be a good scientist in order to best understand and describe nature.The humanistic, naturalistic, and scientific aspects of Leonardo’s life and work are not always clear because he was an original Renaissance man [Leonardo’s art, scientific investigations, technological inventiveness, and humanistic philosophy were all bound] together. During the 16th century he made numerous drawings and sketches with different themes that eventually lead to this famous artifact The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne. Various designs still exist of the version painted in 1510. Leonardo could not fuse the two qualities he desired: an abstract formula and the immediacy of life.The final painting now hangs in the Louvre in Paris. The painting is a complex and masterful synthesis of his previous variations (Capra 105). In some research it is stated that this artifact is unfinished, even though he had worked on this painting possibly for eight or nine years (Bramly 321). Leonardo had a habit of never finishing his work. Leonardo had drawn many different cartoons painting and sketches leading up to the final painting of The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne. One of his cartoon sketches had St. John the Baptist kneeling next to Christ (Capra 105). Leonardo switched St.John to a lamb in the final painting. The lamb (sacrificial animal) represents passion suffering in Christ’s destiny. It is not known why Leonardo replaced St. John, who was Christ’s cousin, with a lamb. He painted the Christ child as being about a year old. It looks as if he is slipping out of his mother’s hands and trying to grab hold of his destiny, the lamb. The lamb, being embraced by Christ has his head bent, while its tail a nd hind legs are clearly indicated to be in a comfortable place (Johannes 86). Townsend 3 Leonardo put his thoughts to paper and painted through, light, shadow, and geometry, using three dimensions.Da Vinci declared, â€Å"There are three kinds of perspective. † The first is concerned with the reason for the diminution of things as they form from the eye. Second contains the way in which colors vary as they form the eye. The third and last declaration of how objects should appear less distinct the more distant they are. Examples, perspective of disappearance (Capra 219). Perspective in painting was his destiny. From the pyramidal construction to the fact that only three feet belonging to the figures are visible, everything in the picture seems to be threefold.In fact in this painting, Leonardo was pursuing a theological meditation on the destiny of Christ, which had begun in his early painting Virgin of the Rocks (Bramly 320). Most research indicates the rocks, mountain strea ms, and escarpments of his childhood made up his private landscape in his paintings (Bramly 86). Leonardo depicts the women as sister like in age even though they are indeed mother and daughter. Saint Anne, the mother of Virgin and Child, sits with her daughter on her lap. The Virgin is half rising from her sitting position and she appears to want to restrain her daughter from separating the Child and lamb (Kemp 273).It is unusual for Mary to be portrayed in her mother’s lap. The painting may have more meaning to it than the Passion of Christ. Saint Anne perhaps represents the Church in this painting. Art critics have admired the unity of the three figures, the freedom of movement, the sweet and melting quality of the faces, and the mountains in the background. The family figures almost blend into each other in their rhythmic balance, with Leonardo’s dreamy mountains, foreshadowing the landscape of the Madonna, in the background (Capra 105). What better way to describe the bond of maternal love uniting three generations?Leonardo had written in a short note in one of his journals, The Virgin and Child Townsend 4 with Saint Anne means â€Å"the glorification of motherhood†. The Virgin and Saint Anne in this masterpiece seem to be about the same age in the painting, with their two bodies merging almost into one. Leonardo gave the child two mothers both graced with the blessed smile of happiness. To the viewer’s eye, the painting may imply to evoke his thoughts on his childhood which the painter wanted our thought as childhood had been divided between his real mother and his stepmother.He may have united them in his mind as he did in his painting, a picture that no one could have painted except of Leonardo De Vinci (Bramly 318). Both women, Saint Anne and the Virgin, have dedicated their lives to God, which had touch Da Vinci. One research source stated that in the painting Virgin and Child with Saint Anne, the Virgin is designed first, as she is in so many of his drawing, and the landscape seems to flow from her. The Painting is designed by Da Vinci in a diagonal, where we formerly saw a pronounced swing down from top right at the crown of the tree, through St .Anne’s left arm and elbow, through the successive arm/knee/arm/knee configuration of the Virgin, down to the placement of St. Anne’s feet on the then more brightly â€Å"spotlighted† left section of the rocky foreground. Against that progression, we saw in the earlier state how Leonardo had orchestrated a countervailing upper left to the bottom right sweep through the principal heads and the arms of the Virgin and the Child, down to the rump and tail of the lamb. This movement was decisively echoed and enforced by the parallel diagonals of the Virgin’s right leg and St.Anne’s left leg (Johannes 3). It is stated that Saint Anne’s left arm was painted the same way in another Leonardo da Vinci painting. Townsend 5 Leo nardo’s composition of the Virgin and Child with Saint Anne is perhaps the one which, of all his designs, he contemplated the longest and in great depth. Perhaps, he felt attracted by the particular formal and iconographical problems presented by the subject. When we were asked to select an artifact to research and write about, the painting of the Virgin and Child with Saint Anne caught my eye.The love and compassion in the women’s eyes and their expressions towards the innocent child reminds me of the love I have for my own children. Although much research has been done to discover why Leonardo painted the picture the way he did, it is still unclear. It is unclear why the women appear to be the same age and why he substituted St. John with the lamb for the final painting. Research is still being done on his journals and notes. Leonardo, who was left handed, wrote all his notes in mirror writing, from right to left (Capra, 27).Perhaps further analysis of his notes and sketches will reveal more insight into the painting of the Virgin and Child with Saint Anne. [pic] Work Citied Bramly Serge. Leonardo the Artist and the Man. Penguin Group. Great Britain. 1994. Print. Budny Virginia. The Art Buletin. Vol. 65, No. 1 (Mar. , 1983), pp. 34-50. Print. Capra Fritjof. The Science of Leonardo. New York. Anchor. December 2008. Print Johannas Nathan. Miteilungen. 36. Bd. H. ? (1992), pp. 85-102. Article. Kemp Martin. Leonardo on Painting. Yale Nota Bene. Yale University. 2001. Print. Marani Pietro C. Leonardo Da Vinci. Abrams Harry N. New York: 2000. Print.

Corporate Entrepreneurship Essays

Corporate Entrepreneurship Essays Corporate Entrepreneurship Essay Corporate Entrepreneurship Essay Corporate entrepreneurship is also commonly known as corporate venturing or  Intrapreneurship. It is coined by legendary management thinker and management guru   Peter. F. Drucker. It is the act of initiating new ventures or creating value with an already established  organization  or social entity. It is basically a process of creating new business within established firms to improve organizational profitability and enhance a firm’s competitive position or the strategic renewal of existing business. â€Å" Innovation â€Å"is at the very core of corporate entrepreneurship.So corporate entrepreneurship is done to enhance an organization`s competitive edge through innovative ideas which creates a unique place for itself in the industry or creates a new industry by itself. It can also be called a process by which organizations try to change its existing image. Corporate entrepreneurship activities can be internal or external. Internal activities are the process or acti vities which are developed within a organization. These type of activities are done in order to test a market, technology, production methods or effectiveness of employees. These activities may cover at various levels of the firm.Internal entrepreneurship can be applied on the following stages like: administrative, opportunistic, imitative, technical or organizational. External entrepreneurship is the process of combining resources which are located at different areas in the environment by individual entrepreneurs with his own unique resources to create a new combination of resources, which is independent of all others. External activities are in the form of mergers, joint ventures, corporate venture, venture nurturing, venture spin-off and others. Corporate entrepreneurship can be applies to any business size at any point of a organization`s life cycle.Today there is a growing desire by business houses to apply corporate entrepreneurship in order to enhance the innovative abilities of their employees and to increase corporate success by creating of new corporate ventures. However, the creation of corporate activity is difficult since it involves radically changing internal organisational behaviour patterns. Both entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship are a viable means of creating business growth and stimulating the economy. Large companies implementing  entrepreneurial   culture can receive many benefits to help them tap into innovation and be competitive in this global market.If the company is encouraged to take risks, the employees are allowed to be creative and innovative, it becomes easier to generate new products for the market. It becomes clear from the findings and research that there is a strong link between large organizations using corporate entrepreneurship and their growth and increased profitability because it encourages a culture that promotes pro-activeness. Another plus point of  corporate entrepreneurship  is that it brings knowledge as everyone in the organization works towards the same goal.This creates valuable knowledge and understanding between all members. Thus the organization develops a continuous knowledge base of information that results in increased and better informed innovative behavior in decision making and risk taking. Some examples of corporate entrepreneurs are: Philips Philips faced a situation where it`s standard set of distribution , promotion and sales policies apllied uniformly to all product lines was ineffective in coping with the large volume chains that dominated the retail.Philips reorganized the structure of its consumer electronics marketing division based on an analysis of changes in its product line and a growing concentration in its distribution channels. To cope with these problems, Philips abolished its uniform structure and organized the marketing department into three groups: an advanced-system, group for technologically sophisticated, high-margin products such as c ompact disk players; a mainstay group for high-volume mature products and in mass merchandizing group for older, declining products (such as portable cassette players).Meanwhile, increasing concentration in the distribution channels and a growing need for distinct marketing approaches for different products became manifest throughout Europe. The new model for the marketing organization developed by the British subsidiary was clearly appropriate for other subsidiaries. Despite initial resistance, the innovation was soon transferred to most other international organizations. Proctor and Gamble For  Proctor and Gamble, the innovation meant something new. When applied to a product, â€Å"new† meant different things.One of the best examples of product innovation was the way in which Proctor amp; Gamble developed a global liquid detergent. Despite the success or liquid laundry detergents in the United States, all attempts to create a heavy-duty liquid detergent category in Europe had failed due to different washing practices and the superior performance of European powder detergents. which contained enzymes, bleach, and phosphates at levels not permitted in the United States. But Pamp;G’s European scientists were convinced that the liquid detergent’s performance could be enhanced to match local powdery.After several years of work, they developed a bleach substitute as well as a  means to give enzymes stability in liquid form. Meanwhile, researchers in the United States were working on a new liquid better able to deal with the high clay soil content in dirty clothes in the United States. Each product incorporated the best developments created in response to European, US, and Japanese market needs. Relatively speaking, however, a product already introduced in one market may be an innovation elsewhere because it is new and different for the targeted market. .

Free Essays on Winston Church Hill

meant. He was in trouble a lot at school. His greatest pleasure was reading. He liked to read poetry. He hated Math and Latin, but loved History, Poetry and butterflies. At the age of 12, he was transferred from St. James School to Brighton Harrow. He was treated poorly by the older boys because he wasn’t afraid to speak his mind and stand up for himself. He was a kid that always dreamed of being a soldier. He loved looking at armor. At age 15, he passed his military exam and went to Sandhurst. He graduated with honors at age 18 and became an officer in the Calvary. His father died after the new year. In 1895, he became a war correspondent during the Cuban Rebellion. In 1896, he was sent to India. While there, he realized how much stuff he didn’t learn in school. He started studying and reading to get knowledge. In 1889, they went to war with the Boars, and Winston and sixty British Soldiers were imprisoned. They wanted to escape. Winston climbed the bathroom wall, snuck aboard a train, and returned to England. About a month later, he ran for office. He was elected into Parliament. In 1901, at the House of Commons, he made his first parliamentary speech. Seven years later, in 1908, he married Clementine Hosier. A couple of months later, he got kicked out of office. In 1911, he was elected first Lord of Ad miralty, during World War I. When one of his strategies failed, he was a... Free Essays on Winston Church Hill Free Essays on Winston Church Hill Title: The Story of Winston Churchill Author: Alida Sims Malkus This story tells of Winston Churchill’s life from birth until he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, II. Winston Churchill was born November 30, 1874. He went to St. James School near Ascot when he was 7 years old. At school he lived in a dorm. Winston had one brother named Jack. His mother and father were always gone for great periods of time. He always had a hard time in Latin. He could remember it, but he didn’t understand what the words meant. He was in trouble a lot at school. His greatest pleasure was reading. He liked to read poetry. He hated Math and Latin, but loved History, Poetry and butterflies. At the age of 12, he was transferred from St. James School to Brighton Harrow. He was treated poorly by the older boys because he wasn’t afraid to speak his mind and stand up for himself. He was a kid that always dreamed of being a soldier. He loved looking at armor. At age 15, he passed his military exam and went to Sandhurst. He graduated with honors at age 18 and became an officer in the Calvary. His father died after the new year. In 1895, he became a war correspondent during the Cuban Rebellion. In 1896, he was sent to India. While there, he realized how much stuff he didn’t learn in school. He started studying and reading to get knowledge. In 1889, they went to war with the Boars, and Winston and sixty British Soldiers were imprisoned. They wanted to escape. Winston climbed the bathroom wall, snuck aboard a train, and returned to England. About a month later, he ran for office. He was elected into Parliament. In 1901, at the House of Commons, he made his first parliamentary speech. Seven years later, in 1908, he married Clementine Hosier. A couple of months later, he got kicked out of office. In 1911, he was elected first Lord of Ad miralty, during World War I. When one of his strategies failed, he was a...

Program Evaluation Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Program Evaluation Plan - Assignment Example The two slide presentation workshops will concentrate on the effectiveness and informative value of the visual aids used by the supervisors. From the workshops, it is expected that the supervisors will increase the quality of their oral presentation skills by 30th April, 2015. The supervisors will also get three sessions of one-on-one coaching on how to give employees positive and negative feedback on their work performance. Later, the supervisors will also get a tutorial on how to provide accurate, complete, useful written performance feedback that is in compliance with company’s policy and state law. The company will provide the required venue, table, and chairs. The ABC Company HR communication specialist will conduct all sessions. From the coaching sessions and the tutorial, it is expected that the supervisors will have increased the quality of their ability to provide performance feedback to employees by April 30, 2015. Progress on the indicators will be measured by the number of sessions delivered, the number of sessions each supervisor attended, the level of participation of each supervisor, length of sessions and the adherence to workshop delivery plan by the official in charge (Fink, 2015). Program process will be evaluated by examining whether the program was implemented with fidelity and adapted to the target population. It is expected that an acceptable degree of program fidelity will be maintained, and the program will be reviewed for appropriateness. Program outcomes will be evaluated by examining program’s influence on the supervisors’ communication skills. Monthly communication skills assessments will be updated every month by the Communication Specialist. The attendance and participation rates will also be recorded and an implementation record developed by the Communication Specialist upon conclusion of every session. Surveys will be

A jornal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A jornal opinion article - Essay Example The country’s exports also fell, considerably, due to slow-down of economies in countries like China and Euro zone nations. According to the article, the corporate decision makers are delaying their investment plans, as they have their own apprehensions on Federal Budget Policies and forthcoming US elections. These factors, among others are reasons for delaying the investment decisions by those responsible for corporate spending. As they are delaying the implementation of big projects, partly due to slow demand, world-wide, the big businesses are looking forward to government action on issues involving ‘tax cuts’ and ‘fiscal deficit’. During the meeting with President Obama, top executives of leading companies, including Apple and JP Morgan Chase agreed to work together for betterment of investment climate in the country. As the article date is 19 Nov 2012, it informs the readers that the spending by major corporate businesses was excellent during the whole year, except the recent months when it slowed down considerably. This was supported by the figures quoted in the article, which showed that S&P’s listed 500 stock index companies spent around $ 580 billion on the purchase of plant and equipment for business expansion. However, the reversal in the capital expenditure plans, during the third quarter of 2012 was a sign of worry for the future, although the current scenario presented in the article was not that gloomy. The slow down was due to lower fuel prices, higher job opportunities and better housing market. The article has held the global slowdown responsible for the reversal of investment plans in third quarter of 2012. Giving an example of reducing demand of coal and other minerals in China, the article informs that the result of this has been reduced orders for earth moving and other heavy equipment for American giant ‘Caterpillar Inc.’. Other areas of concern provided by